Era of the Goddess Hylia
Though not depicted in person, the entry vestibule in the Temple of Hylia shows emblems for the Sages that would be found eras later during the Era of the Hero of Time on the Sage Medallions. This would imply that there was a group of sages prior to the events of The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword.
Era of Prosperity
The sages from the Era of Prosperity are among the earliest recorded sages in history. The presence of the Stone Room and similarity in the architectural style of the stone lotus to the Secret Stone pedestal in each Sage's respective temple would suggest that the room was used for rituals related to the Sages.
Era of the Hero of Time
The sages awoken during the Era of the Hero of Time were tasked with helping to seal Ganon. Like sages in preceding eras, each is aligned to an element. During the process of awakening those sages, Link receives a medallion that represents the elemental association to each sage. It is unclear how or if these medallions relate to the Secret Stones. It is possible that because Link retains the medallions that they could be more similar to the Vow of Sages in nature.
Downfall
The sages depicted during the Era of Light and Dark were ordered by the King of Hyrule to seal the Sacred Realm. While the sages in the prologue of The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past are not depicted with elemental associations as with past sages, the Shrine Maidens shown during the events of The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past do follow a similar color style. Late in the Era of Light and Dark, the sages that Link rescues from Yuga, including Zelda, bear a closer resemblance to the sages of the past.
